Impact and mechanism of the COVID-19 on the spatio-temporal patterns of Zhangjiajie tourism network attention

Based on the spatial-temporal perspective of geography, this paper quantitatively measures the impact of COVID-19 on the spatial-temporal pattern of tourism network attention in Zhangjiajie, and finally summarizes the influencing factors and mechanisms. The results show as follows. (1) From the perspective of time, the online attention of tourism in Zhangjiajie shows a trend of "decline to rebound, and to stability", which reflects the temporal mobility of the effect of COVID-19 on the tourism. (2) From the spatial dimension, the scale-order of attention to the Zhangjiajie' s tourism network is relatively stable, and the effect of COVID-19 on the tourism shows a trend of "distance decay" on the whole. (3) The adjustment of tourists' perception of tourism risk, destination familiarity and location, tourists' risk tolerance and authority restriction are the influencing factors of tourism net-work attention. These factors interact with each other to drive the spatio-temporal change of tourism network attention.

Perspectives towards hotel stay amidst the COVID-19 pandemic recovery stage: a research from Calamba city, Philippines

After the global tourism industry has experienced the impact of the pandemic, it is critical that people gain confidence in traveling and have the impression that staying in hotels is now safe, because only in this way tourism businesses such as hotels can be fully successful in recovering. For this reason, the researchers guided by a descriptive research design and quantitative research approach, aimed to determine what people think about staying in a hotel, particularly in terms of safety and security, price, location, and service quality, in the time of COVID-19 pandemic recovery stage, focused on the local community of Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines, being one of richest cities in the country and the place where the researchers reside. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the perspective of the respondents has been performed in terms of their age, sex, and educational attainment, identifying which age, sex and educational attainment groups have more positive or negative attitude, and a higher or lower level of hotel stay intention compared with other groups. Being the first study that has assessed the tourism market particularly in terms of their perspective on hotel stay as the hospitality industry attempts to recover from the impact of the pandemic, this is expected to provide a clear picture of the need for management of hotels to continuously work on marketing efforts highlighting the information that it is now safe to practice tourism and stay in their establishments, hence, serving as a guide in coming up with promotional strategies and an action plan, as well as a motivation for researchers who wish to determine the same in their locality or country.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry in Quebec. An analysis focused on outdoor organizations

This study was conducted with the aim of empirically analyzing the impacts of the pandemic of the Covid-19 on the Quebec tourism industry, with a particular focus on the outdoor sector, given that the latter seems to have been a form of escape in several countries and for many citizens. Based on a quantitative approach and a self-administered survey in the summer of 2020 (n = 1210), this study made it possible to analyze the organizational situation of this industry, the tourism performance of the organizations surveyed, their human resources concerns, their short- and medium-term development prospects, as well as the structural and organizational elements where the organizations are the most vulnerable. Overall, it can be seen that the outdoor sector, thanks to its 40 intrinsic characteristics, stands out very positively in this industry, in particular in contrast to organizations located in large urban centers that depend on clients from outside Quebec.

Bringing order to Petra's tourism economy

The popularity of Petra, Jordan, as a tourist destination has surged among international visitors since the 1980s. This has led to the tourism sector's emergence as a major source of income for indigenous communities living adjacent to the ancient city's ruins. Rapidly expanding visitor numbers and business activity-both licensed and unlicensed-exposed the need for government to play an active role in organizing Petra's tourism industry. Drawing upon a thematic analysis of interviews I conducted in three tourism-reliant, tribal communities in Petra's vicinity in 2022, this case study examines relations between the Petra Development and Tourism Region Authority (PDTRA) and indigenous stakeholders in the local economy. Focusing on the period extending from 2019-just before the COVID-19 pandemic's onset-to 2022, I explore local perspectives towards PDTRA policies impacting indigenous work in the tourism sector. I find that legality, size, and internal organization of stakeholder groups affect their capacity to influence political decisions that impact their lives and livelihoods.

The economic implications of the COVID-19 outbreak on tourism industry: empirical evidence from Turkey

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused tremendous fear and uncertainty and affected health, economy, and social life in an unprecedented form worldwide. Yet, the level of knowledge on its economic implications is very limited. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to explain the health, social, and economic impacts of COVID-19. Because the tourism is one of the most affected industries by the pandemic, this study aims to explain the effects of COVID-19 cases and deaths, global fear, and government responses on Turkey's tourism industry. Empirical findings show that the tourism industry reacts negatively to new cases, number of deaths, and global fear measures. Also, government containment and health measures and economic supports positively affect the tourism industry. Furthermore, government stringency policies drive down the tourism industry's performance. The findings of this study provide significant implications for tourism and travel firms, policy makers, and future research.

COVID-19 and beyond: understanding travel risk perception as a process

The unprecedented occurrence of COVID-19 highlights the susceptibility of the tourism industry to external threats. From flight cancellations to the closure of hospitality establishments, COVID-19 has greatly transformed the industry. Whilst a crisis such as a pandemic is not new in tourism and hospitality, the unique characteristics of COVID-19 have altered the risk perceptions associated with destinations. To date, the tourism risk literature has predominantly focused on typology of risks, at the expense of examining the process of how risk perceptions are formed. Following a social constructivist epistemological position, this conceptual paper proposes an integrative model that unpacks the underlying psychological process of risk perceptions and demonstrates how the framing process influences the safety perceptions and moulds the travel image of a destination in the COVID-19 context. The paper proposes several suggestions for future studies to consider when testing the conceptual model.

Financial investments of the dominant cruise companies as a component of the global economic recovery and eventual growth during COVID-19 crisis era

One of the most important sectors of tourism globally is cruise tourism, as is giving a leisure experience to cruisers who are traveling across different destinations. It is also one of the most growing sectors in the tourism industry as is becoming increasingly popular. In this review study, conducted employing thematic analysis and thematic synthesis, the authors aim to approach the COVID-19 crisis era financial investments of dominant cruise companies as a component of global economic growth. Nowadays, the cruise industry operates big cruise ships as is contrary to the cruise industry back in 1960s. This study finds that the biggest cruise companies line up investment plans to renew their cruise fleet with larger, more modern, and environmentally friendly ships, borrowing from favorable financing sources. In other words, the companies are trying to introduce specific strategies to maintain their business growth, by investing in building new vessels with the target of expanding their current fleet with cruise ships with better capacity.

The contagion effect of COVID-19-induced uncertainty on US tourism sector: evidence from time-varying granger causality test

This study investigates the effect of COVID-19-induced uncertainty on the overall stock market and the stock performance of the tourism and hospitality industry and its subsectors utilizing a novel time-varying robust Granger causality test. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic-induced uncertainty has an adverse impact on the overall economy, tourism and hospitality industry, and subsectors of tourism and hospitality. However, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic-induced uncertainty is more significant in the tourism and hospitality industry and its subsectors. In particular, hotels sector has experienced the largest impact from the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by restaurants and airline sectors, respectively. Research and practical implications are discussed.

Discourses of fear in online news media: implications for perceived risk of travel

This paper analyzes the role of Canadian online news media in framing travel during the pandemic. The article applies Altheide's concept of the problem frame to reflect how news media contribute to the emergence of a highly rationalized problem that, in turn, generates a discourse of fear. While the impacts of COVID-19 on tourism have been extensively examined within tourism scholarship, less attention has been devoted to the impact of news media. Because travel and the pandemic are heavily intertwined, discourse analysis can help process media narratives, furthering our understanding of their role in influencing perceived risk of travel. A critical discourse analysis of over 100 online news articles was conducted using thematic analysis to uncover themes in Canadian media sources and to explore how the media have framed travel during the pandemic. The role of online news media in promoting fear was communicated through the themes of anxiety, antitrust, avoidance, and animosity. The role of the media in producing the problem frame in the context of travel was examined as well as its implications for perceived travel risk and tourism demand. The power dynamics between media, government, and the citizens it serves are also discussed.

Research on the relationship between wellness tourism experiencescape and revisit intention: a chain mediation model

Purpose: This study aims to construct a scale for measuring the spa hotel experiencescape in wellness tourism, clarify the mechanism through which wellness tourism experiencescape influences revisit intention and investigate the mediation roles of authenticity, memorability and organizational identification. Design/methodology/approach: This study conducted content analysis of interviews, online reviews and relevant articles and used the concept of experiencescape to interpret spa hotels' experiential environment. The stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model was used as the basis for introducing authenticity, memorability, organizational identification and revisit intention to investigate how wellness tourism experiencescape affects tourists' behavior. In total, 488 valid questionnaires were collected at Taiwanese spa hotel clusters. Findings: Four factors of spa hotel experiencescape were identified: health promotion treats, mental learning, unique travel experience and healthy diet. Existential authenticity-memorability and existential authenticity-organizational identification exerted full positive mediation effects in the relationship between wellness tourism experiencescape and revisit intention. Practical implications: This study provides guidance on experience design for spa hotels. It promotes the consideration of existential authenticity in wellness tourism design. Originality/value: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness of wellness, drastically increasing the potential of the wellness tourism market. This study investigated the construction of wellness tourism experiencescape and its influence, and the findings can facilitate post-pandemic restoration of the wellness tourism industry. On the basis of SOR model, a chain mediation model was proposed to reveal the influence of wellness tourism experiencescape on revisit intention. Existential authenticity was discovered to play a crucial role in the relationship between wellness tourism experiencescape and revisit intention, which suggests that existential authenticity should be considered during service design and in marketing strategies for wellness tourism.

Study on the contribution of coastal tourism to marine economic development

Since the reform and opening up, coastal tourism has been rising and developing, and it has become one of the important marine industries. This paper selected the added value and gross marine product of coastal tourism industry from 2001 to 2020, constructed direct contribution rate, indirect contribution rate and marginal contribution rate model, and calculated the contribution degree of coastal tourism to marine economic development. The results showed that the direct contribution rate of coastal tourism was on the rise, and the indirect contribution rate was mostly about 2%~4%.In the selected study period, the marginal contribution rate of coastal tourism to GROSS marine product was 40.44%. The study found that the overall development level of coastal tourism was good, and the coastal tourism made a great contribution to the development of marine economy, but it was difficult to take accurate measures in the face of sudden crises such as COVID-19, and sometimes it took a lot of time to recover to the normal level. Based on the above situation, suggestions were proposed to increase policy support for the post-epidemic era, promote the supply-side reform of coastal tourism and build coastal tourism products with characteristics in the post-epidemic era, increase the publicity and marketing of coastal tourism, and train and introduce high-quality tourism talents, etc..

The analysis of the impact COVID-19 on the tourism sector in Pindul Cave tourism object, Gunungkidul regency

This study aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector at Goa Pindul tourism object, Gunungkidul Regency. The research method in this study used descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques used in the form of interviews and field documentation. After conducting research and analyzing research results, the results showed that the impact of covid on the tourism sector at Goa Pindul Gunungkidul tourism object was a very significant decrease in tourists. Because of this pandemic, all traders around Pindul Cave lost their livelihoods. These traders have to change totally their way to meet their daily needs amid the Covid-19 pandemic. In order to maintain health to avoid being infected with the covid-19 virus, the manager and all relevant parties are suggested to pay more attention to existing facilities not to trigger the crowds. They are also suggested to implement health protocols, focus more on local tourists and continuously giving polite socialization about health protocols.

Tourist arrivals and overnight stays in Romania by tourist destination in the years 2020 and 2021 of COVID-19 pandemic compared to 2019

The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of tourist flows in terms of tourist arrivals and overnight stays by tourist destination in Romania in the years 2020 and 2021 of the Covid-19 pandemic compared to the year 2019. Graphics and fixed and variable basis and structural indices were used to show the difference of the level of these two indicators and their distribution by each destination. The year 2019 was the best for Romania's tourism when over 13.37 million arrivals and over 30.08 million overnight stays were registered. In 2020, the arrivals were by 52.16% lower than in 2019, and the overnight stays smaller by 48.45%, showing that this year was the worst, as a part of units were closed or worked at a reduced capacity, recording a lower revenue and even failed. Romanians saved tourism, being the dominant category who rediscovered the beauty of their own country both in 2020 and in 2021 when the restrictions were cancelled or limited. In 2021, the number of arrivals accounted for over 9.37 million and the number of overnight stays for over 20.83 million. The hierarchy of the tourist destinations in Romania based on the level of these two indicators is: Bucharest, the capital and the main cities, other localities and tourism itineraries, seaside resorts, mountain resorts, spa resorts and the Danube Delta and Tulcea City. The recovery of was not yet at the level of 2019, despite that in 2021, tourism managers have made special efforts to improve and diversify their offers and better satisfy their guests. This dynamics gives a hope that in coming years tourism will return to the level of 2019 or even to exceed it.

Pathways to post-capitalist tourism

Potential to identify and cultivate forms of post-capitalism in tourism development has yet to be explored in depth in current research. Tourism is one of the world's largest industries, and hence a powerful global political and socio-economic force. Yet numerous problems associated with conventional tourism development have been documented over the years, problems now greatly exacerbated by impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Calls for sustainable tourism development have long sought to address such issues and set the industry on a better course. Yet such calls tend to still promote continued growth as the basis of the tourism industry's development, while mounting demands for "degrowth" suggest that growth is itself the fundamental problem that needs to be addressed in discussion of sustainability in tourism and elsewhere. This critique asserts that incessant growth is intrinsic to capitalist development, and hence to tourism's role as one of the main forms of global capitalist expansion. Touristic degrowth would therefore necessitate postcapitalist practices aiming to socialise the tourism industry. While a substantial body of research has explored how tourism functions as an expression of a capitalist political economy, thus far no research has systematically explored what post-capitalist tourism might look like or how to achieve it. Applying Erik Olin Wright's innovative typology for conceptualizing different forms of post-capitalism as components of an overarching strategy for "eroding capitalism" to a series of illustrative allows for exploration of their potential to contribute to an analogous strategy to similarly "erode tourism" as a quintessential capitalist industry.

Trends in rural tourism development in Lviv region based on forecasting

The rural tourism is a promising type of tourism in rural areas that increases the socio-economic level and wellbeing of the population. The entrepreneurial activity in villages provides an opportunity to expand employment, increase investment attractiveness and contribute to the improvement of rural infrastructure. Based on the analysis of data for the period 2012-2020, the forecast trends in the number of rural tourism farmsteads and their visitors in Lviv region are presented using trend analysis and the FORECAST. ETS. STAT function for the period 2021-2025. The Russian military aggression against Ukraine and the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affect the activities and prospects for the development of rural tourism in the country. Having built logarithmic, linear, exponential, power and polynomial trend models, the probable indicators for the specified period were forecasted. The current state and trends of rural tourism development during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the context of Russia's military aggression in Eastern Ukraine are considered. The formation and sale of quality products and services in the field of rural tourism involve providing a favorable environment and improving the quality of functioning of rural tourism estates. The development of rural tourism depends on the desires and demands of tourists, which form the demand in this area, which in turn creates supply in the market of tourist services and further development of business activities in the field of services in rural areas.

Economic development of the state with the help of the tourism industry in crisis situations

The intensification of globalization processes and the dynamic development of world economic relations actualize the problem of studying the tourism industry as a strategic and priority vector of economic recovery and development. It has experienced the destabilizing impact of crises. The outlined trends give importance to the issue of studying the peculiarities of the functioning of the tourism industry as a stimulant for the growth of economic development of the state in the context of modern challenges, dangers, and the increasing impact of crises. The article aims to study the theoretical and applied principles of functioning and development of the tourism industry as a driver of the economic development of the state and identify its problems in crises. The methodological basis of the study is based on the use of general scientific and unique methods of scientific knowledge and economic analysis, namely: system and statistical analysis, synthesis, scientific ion, comparison, analogy, grouping, cluster analysis, graphical, tabular, generalization, and systematization. The results of the conducted research give grounds to assert that the development of the tourism industry as a driver of economic development of the state in crises is influenced by negative factors of the external and internal environment. It has been established that the most significant crises that have significantly destabilized the tourism industry and the economic development of European countries are the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. The main problems of the functioning and development of the tourism industry in the current crisis conditions have been identified, in particular: logistical problems;environmental and sanitary-epidemiological problems;problems of non-transparency of economic activity in the tourism sector;increased socio-political instability;lack of strategic development programs and state support for the tourism industry;low level of innovation development and information support. The necessity of forming a mechanism of anti-crisis marketing based on innovations has been proposed. It will help improve the tourism industry's development and economic growth.

Interactive technologies of brand formation of territories for their promotion in the market of tourist and hotel services

In the context of the intensification of digital technology development and the increasing impact of modern challenges, the problem of attracting innovations in the field of tourism and hotel services is becoming more urgent. Growing trends in competitiveness in the market of tourism and hotel services necessitate increasing the parameters of brand formation of territories to promote them, and interactive technologies become an effective tool for this. The purpose of the article is theoretical and applied aspects of the study of interactive technologies for the formation of brand territories to promote them in the market of tourism and hotel services. The methodological basis of the study consists of such methods of economic analysis and scientific cognition as system analysis, synthesis, scientific ion, statistical analysis, analogy, comparison, functional analysis, cluster analysis (based on the k-means method), grouping, tabular, graphical, generalization and systematization. The results of the study have revealed that the use of interactive technologies in the formation of the brand of territories for their promotion in the market of tourist and hotel services is a necessity of our time and is due to the latest challenges and global dangers. It has been established that the formation of the brand of territories for their promotion in the market of tourist and hotel services is a complex and multi-stage process that requires the definition of tactical features and strategic priorities for its development. The results of empirical research have proven a significant dependence of the formation of the brand of territories for their successful promotion in the market of tourism and hotel services on the influence of factors and challenges of our time. It has been established that the COVID-19 pandemic did not contribute to a decrease in the share of tourists to highly developed countries in Europe, in particular, in 2020, 86.9 million people went to France, 81.8 million people to Spain, 58.3 million people to Italy, 37.7 million people to the UK, 37.5 million people to Germany, 29.5 million people to Austria, 27.2 million people to Greece and 21.2 million people to Portugal. It was achieved owing to the well-known brands of the territories of these countries and the transition to modern innovative interactive technologies for attracting customers and providing tourism services. The necessity of strengthening the innovative component of tourism and hospitality development in transit countries is substantiated, which is due to the inefficiency of their use of the existing tourism potential.

Application of interactive technologies to promote tourism services

The issue of using interactive technologies to promote tourism services plays a key role for tourism enterprises. This is due to the transformation of the market due to global challenges such as the spread of the coronavirus pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The problem of studying the quality of interactive technologies is to analyze the necessary infrastructure and tools for implementation in the work of a corporate institution aimed at attracting new customers. The use of interactive technologies provides the tourism market with many advantages. First of all, it makes it possible to enter the international market and strengthens the brand's presence in the digital environment. Furthermore, interactive technologies with the help of digital infrastructure can create video materials and any media files used in an advertising campaign. The article aims to analyze the application, structural components, and effective methodology for implementing interactive technologies for activities in the tourism market. Moreover, key trends in the use of interactive technologies and popular mechanisms for their implementation are outlined in the article. Attention is paid to the variability of the digital environment and both theoretical and practical means of implementing a tourism promotion campaign are considered. An important issue is the further prospects for the development of digital technologies for their gradual integration into the practice of tourism enterprises. The results of the study may be useful for tourism enterprises planning to conduct commercial activities based on the use of interactive technologies.

A master conceptual framework of research in Halal tourism

Halal tourism witnessed significant growth during the second half of the decade ended on December 2020 with the COVID-19 pandemic. This expansion can be witnessed equally in academic research and the Halal tourism industry. Keeping in view the phenomenal growth this research reviews the very high-quality research literature on Halal tourism to consolidate its findings and recommendations. It performs a thematic analysis of 74 articles published between the period 2009 to 2020 i.e., up to before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, listed in the A* and A ranked journals of the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC). It consolidates research methodologies, themes, dependent/independent and mediating/moderating variables, which ultimately lead to a master conceptual framework of research. It highlights that the research on Halal tourism is in its developing stages, with more themes emerging in recent years. It suggests that every country must reflect the blend of its own culture duly enveloped in the Shariah parameters. Finally, this review of the literature highlights a nexus between Social values, tourism services, and Islamic stipulations, as a way forward for research and developments in the Halal tourism research and industry.

The COVID-pandemic has ended. again

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the evolving interpretations of the Covid crisis and its impact on hospitality and tourism. Design/methodology/approach: Scenario planning paper following Framework Foresight about the Covid pandemic and its impact on hospitality and tourism. Research input was gathered from research reports in different disciplines and discussions with an expert panel. Findings: The paper argues that hypothesized recovery scenarios were founded on hope and inaccurate extrapolations, and that hospitality and tourism may head for permanently lower volumes. Research limitations/implications: The paper contributes to the debate on tourism resilience and hopeful visions of a sustainable restart. Practical implications: Instead of just focusing on direct pandemic impact and that of governmental measures, a third variable of consumer confidence will be decisive, and more important than expected by many initially, in future scenarios for hospitality and tourism. Originality/value: The proposed scenarios that were designed with executive level industry input have so far proven more realistic than prevalent views of a swift recovery.